Script/API – Delete Orphaned Writable Volumes from VMware App Volumes Manager

10 Nov

Often within the VMware App Volumes Manager (AVM), Writable Volumes will show up as Status – Orphaned. Let’s take a look at the following topics:

  • What is Orphaned Writable Volumes?
  • Script to delete them from the App Volumes Managers

What is Orphaned Writable Volumes?

App Volumes Manager is integrated with Microsoft Active Directory (AD), and it’s in continuous synchronization. Whenever an end-user account gets disabled into the AD during the next sync activity of App Volumes Manager, it will mark the writable volumes with Writable Status = Orphaned.

Now in the ideal world, these accounts have been disabled and should be okay to delete? Maybe, if you don’t have the obligation of data retention, then you are ready to delete them. If you need to retain them, keep them as-is for compliance purposes.

Script to delete them for App Volumes Manager

Before we talk about the script, the deletion is very straightforward within the App Volumes Manager. Select the volumes with Status = Orphaned and select the Delete button. However, when you have to do the same against multiple POD, which becomes challenging, and as always, if it’s not automated, there is the scope of human error.

Pre-requisites

  • You need the App Volumes Manager URL
  • You need the username and password of the App Volumes Manager
  • You need to enter y/Y to proceed further with the deletion
  • The script was tested on PowerShell V5.x with App Volumes Manager version 2.18.10 (The logic will be the same however, the API call for App Volumes 4.x will be different)
###########################################################################
# Get List of Wrtiable Volumes from AppVolumes Manager for Status=Orphaned
# Delete the Orphaned Wrtiable Volumes
# You need username and password for the App Volumes Manager
# Author - Aresh Sarkari (Twitter - @askaresh)
# Version - V5.0
###########################################################################

#App Volumes Manager Name or IP Address
$AVManager = "https://avm001.askaresh.local"

# Run at the start of each script to import the credentials
$RESTAPIUser = "domain\username"
$RESTAPIPassword = "enteryourpassword"

#Ignore cert errors
add-type @"
    using System.Net;
    using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
    public class TrustAllCertsPolicy : ICertificatePolicy {
        public bool CheckValidationResult(
            ServicePoint srvPoint, X509Certificate certificate,
            WebRequest request, int certificateProblem) {
            return true;
        }
    }
"@
[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::CertificatePolicy = New-Object TrustAllCertsPolicy
[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]'Ssl3,Tls,Tls11,Tls12'

#Login AV Manager Body
$body = @{
    username = “$RESTAPIUser"
    password = “$RESTAPIPassword”
}

#Login API call to the AV Manager
Invoke-RestMethod -SessionVariable DaLogin -Method Post -Uri "$AVManager/cv_api/sessions” -Body $body

#Get the list of Writbale Volumes from the AV Manager
$output = Invoke-RestMethod -WebSession $DaLogin -Method Get -Uri "$AVManager/cv_api/writables" -ContentType "application/json"

#Selecting the WV with status Orphaned into a variable
$WVouput = $output.datastores.writable_volumes | Select-Object id, owner_name, owner_upn, title, status | Where-Object {[string]$_.status -match "Orphaned"}

#Output on the console (Validate carefully before proceeding ahead)
$WVouput | Format-Table | Out-String | % {Write-Host $_}

#Confirmation logic to proceed with the deletion
$confirmation = Read-Host -Prompt "Are you Sure You Want To Proceed with the deletion:" 
if ($confirmation -match "[yY]" ) {
    # proceed

# The WV Deletion API call only looks for IDs. We are filtering the ids only
$WVOutputIDs = $WVouput.id

#Looping to delete each Writable Volumes via its ID
foreach ($WVOutputIDss in $WVOutputIDs) {

# Writable Volumes deletion Parameters body
$jsonbody = @{
    bg = "0"
    volumes = "$WVOutputIDss"
} | ConvertTo-Json

#API call to delete the Wrtiable Volumes
#We are using Invoke-webrequest for getting the Content of the deletion (Success) in oneline
$WVdeletecall = Invoke-WebRequest -WebSession $DaLogin -Method Post -Uri "$AVManager/cv_api/volumes/delete_writable" -Body $jsonbody -ContentType "application/json"

}

#Dig into the exception to get the Response details.
Write-Host $WVdeletecall.StatusCode
Write-Host $WVdeletecall.StatusDescription
Write-Host $WVdeletecall.Content

}

GitHub – scripts/del-writablevolume-status-orphaned at master · askaresh/scripts (github.com)

Observations

  • When you run the script, it will identify all the end-users with Status = Orphaned. If you like, you can copy and paste the output in an editior (Notepad++) to verify the output.
  • Once you press y/Y it will go ahead and delete the Orphaned writable volumes.

I hope you will find this script useful to bulk delete orphaned Writable Volumes in App Volumes Manager. A small request if you further enhance the script or make it more creative, I hope you can share it back with me?

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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Mindmap – Part 1 – Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) – Quick start guide to virtual desktop/applications

1 Nov

I have been learning Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) from the awesome book DaaS – The Complete Guide: A Step-by-Step Guide on deploying Desktop-as-a-Service solutions from Microsoft, Nutanix, Citrix, VMware, Accops. I want to share my learnings with you all, and in this post, we shall take a look into the following topics:

  • Mind map for Azure Virtual Desktop – Getting started
    • Getting started with Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD)
    • Deployment – Pre-requisites for AVD
    • Master Images – (Windows 10 Multi-Session, Windows 10 1909 Enterprise or Windows Server 2019 DC)
    • Template and Shared Image Gallery
    • Host Pools
    • Application Groups
    • Workspaces
    • Windows Desktop Client
  • Quick Start Links

Mindmap for Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) – Getting started

Managed to put together a mindmap on the AVD getting started from zero to a working desktop or application. The idea here is the mindmap acts as an excellent visual representation of what to do during pre-requisites, deployment and you can figure out in advance the requirements/steps and pre-requisites.

Azure Virtual Desktop

Disclaimer – This guide is a get you started guide, and the production settings and configuration might be different. Please make sure you change the settings appropriate for production workloads. Here is the PDF version if you would like to download and zoom in (Don’t stress your eyes!) –

azure-virtual-desktop-twitter-40askaresh-1Download

Change log

  • The Mindmap was last updated on 21st Jan 2022 with lots of changes!

The intention here is to get you quickly started on Azure Virtual Desktop Solution:

DescriptionLinks
Azure Virtual Desktop OverviewWhat is Azure Virtual Desktop? – Azure | Microsoft Docs
Azure Virtual Desktop technical (ARM-based model) deployment walkthrough. (Christiaan Brinkhoff)Azure Virtual Desktop technical (ARM-based model) deployment walkthrough. It covers all you need to know and beyond! | christiaanbrinkhoff.com – Sharing Cloud and Virtualization Knowledge
AVD Zero to Hero (YouTube – I am IT Geek)Series 5: Episode 1 – AVD Zero to Hero Introduction – YouTube (Playlist)
AVD PowerShellAzure Virtual Desktop PowerShell – Azure | Microsoft Docs
AVD PricingAzure Virtual Desktop | Microsoft Azure

I hope you will find this helpful information on your Azure Virtual Desktop journey. Please let me know if I have missed any steps in the mindmap, or reference links, and I will be happy to update the post.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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Script/API – Horizon Reach – Get consolidated Horizon Farms/Desktops pools – Name Health, Image and Snapshot information

27 Oct

Horizon Reach is a potent tool, and Andrew Morgan has put in a lot of blood, sweat and tears to develope it. What suprises me is why isnt this fling included into the Horizon product? We haven’t gathered here to talk about the product management and roadmap aspects 😉

Horizon Reach fling aggregates all the various Horizon POD information into its database. Typically, running Horizon API calls or Horizon Powershell modules might have to run them against individual pods to fetch information about that POD. The beauty with Horizon Reach is it aggregates all the information, we can write scripts/API calls to request information from there instead of writing Horizon POD specific scripts.

Let’s take a look at the following information from the Horizon Reach fling:

  • What API’s are available with Horizon Reach?
  • What all options are available to interact with Horizon Reach API?
  • Script – Get a consolidated list of Horizon Farm details (Display the Name, Base Image details, Snapshot Version, Health and If provisioning is enabled)
    • Note the above can also be fetched using the old Horizon Powershell modules but trust me it’s pretty tricky to run a foreach loop for every object on the SOAP method.
  • Script – Get a consolidated list of Horizon Desktop Pools details (Display the Name, Base Image details, Snapshot Version, Health and If provisioning is enabled)

What API’s are avilable with Horizon Reach?

After you have installed the Horizon Reach fling, go to the following URL to check out all the avilable API’s. Its the UI Swagger interface to simplify and understand each calls.

URL – https://horzonreach.domain:9443/swagger/index.html

What all options are avilable to interact with Horizon Reach API?

You can interact with the API with your preffered method such as Powershell or Postman or something else.

Postman – https://horzonreach.domain:9443/swagger/v1/swagger.json (You will be able to import all the Horizon Reach API as a collection within Postman)

Powershell – You can use the built-in modules of Invoke-RestMethod or Invoke-WebRequest method to interact with Horizon Reach API.

Scripts to get consolidated Horizon Farms/Desktops information

Pre-requsites:

  • You need the Horizon Reach Server URL
  • You need the password of the Horizon Reach Server
  • The script provides you with the details of all Horizon PODs in your setup.
  • The script was tested on PowerShell V5.x
#Horizon Reach Server Name or IP Address
$HZReachServer = "https://horizonreach.domain:9443"

#Ignore the self signed cert errors
add-type @"
    using System.Net;
    using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
    public class TrustAllCertsPolicy : ICertificatePolicy {
        public bool CheckValidationResult(
            ServicePoint srvPoint, X509Certificate certificate,
            WebRequest request, int certificateProblem) {
            return true;
        }
    }
"@
[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::CertificatePolicy = New-Object TrustAllCertsPolicy
[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]'Ssl3,Tls,Tls11,Tls12'


#API Call to make the intial connection to the Horizon Reach Server##
$HZReachLogonAPIcall = "$HZReachServer`/api/Logon"

#The body payload that comprises of the login API request
$body = @{
    username = "administrator"
    password = "enteryourpassword"
} | ConvertTo-Json

$HZReachlogin = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -uri $HZReachLogonAPIcall -Body $body -ContentType "application/json"

#Header along with the JWT token is now saved for future API calls
#You need to call this header in all subsequent calls as it has the token
$Headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $($HZReachlogin.jwt)" }

#API Call to fetch the consolidated (as many pods you have) Horizon Farm information##
$HZReachFarms = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -uri "$HZReachServer/api/Farms" -Headers $Headers -ContentType "application/json" -UseBasicParsing | Format-Table -Property displayname, baseimage, snapshot, enabled, health, isProvisioningEnabled

Write-Output $HZReachFarms

#API Call to fetch the consolidated (as many pods you have) Horizon desktop pool information##
$HZReachPools = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -uri "$HZReachServer/api/pools" -Headers $Headers -ContentType "application/json" -UseBasicParsing | Format-Table -Property displayname, baseimage, snapshot, enabled, healthDetail, isProvisioningEnabled

Write-Output $HZReachPools

GitHub – scripts/HorizonReach-Farms-Pools-Info at master · askaresh/scripts (github.com)

Observations:

  • Farm Output:
  • Desktop Pool Output:
  • The following information (Display Name, Snapshot, Base Image, Health, Provisioning Mode) is pulled using the above scripts. I was much interested to see the snapshot versions of each Farms/Pools along with Health and provisioning status. Feel free to extract whatever details you are looking for there are plenty of other properties.

I hope you will find this script useful to fetch helpful information from Horizon Reach. A small request if you further enhance the script or make it more creative, I hope you can share it back with me?

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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Explorer.exe keeps crashing every 3 seconds in Windows 10

19 Oct

It was patch Tuesday time, and we were implementing the Windows 10 1909 Oct October 12, 2021—KB5006667 (OS Build 18363.1854) patch to our base images which are used for VMware Horizon VDI. During our validations, we started noticing the strange behaviour of Explorer.exe crashing and desktop becoming completely unusable.

Update 16th Nov 2021 – The explorer.exe crashing issue is now resolved in November 9, 2021—KB5007189 (OS Build 18362.1916) (microsoft.com)

Issue

The Windows explorer.exe keeps crashing within the virtual desktop of Windows 10 1909. The virtual desktop is entirely unusable. The only way to see the Event Viewer or anything is by using Horizon Client – Options – Send Ctrl + Alt + Del command within the virtual desktop and then opening up the Task Manager.

Cause

Provided by Microsoft – The explorer is trying to update feeds content, and there is a NULL value due to this bug that is causing explorer to crash.

Resolution

We tried performing various steps of un-install and re-installing the patch etc.. However, nothing worked, and we ended up working with Microsoft and seemed like it was a known issue, and they provided us with the following fix:

Option 1 – Registry – Disable News and Interest

Open regedit.exe on the golden image or

 Computer\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Feeds\
 REG_DWORD name: ShellFeedsTaskbarViewMode
 Value: 2

Option 2 – GPO – Disable News and Interest

To access the policy for news and interests on the taskbar, on a device that has installed Administrative Templates (.admx) for Windows 10 October 2020 Update (20H2) – v2.0 ADMX file Feeds.admx is newly added, and we can retrieve it from the below .admx file:

Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > News and interests > News and interests on the taskbar > Select Disabled

Note – I suspect this fix might be applicable to other Windows 10 versions.

I hope you will find these steps helpful to resolve explorer.exe crashing issue and don’t have to go down the path of troubleshooting the issue.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari



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Mindmap – Azure VMware Solution – Guidance on Deployment and Networking

12 Oct

I have been trying out the Azure VMware Solution (AVS) on the VMware HOL and going through the techzone documentation. In this post, we shall take a look into these topics:

  • Mindmap – Steps for AVS Deployment and Networking
  • Quick Start Links
  • Optional – Deploy AVS via Azure Resource Manager Templates

Mindmap for AVS Deployment/Networking

Managed to put together a mindmap on the AVS deployment and networking steps of the service. The idea here is the mindmap acts like an excellent visual representation of what to do during deployment and you can figure out in advance the requirements/steps and pre-requisites.

Azure VMware Solution

Here is the PDF version if you would like to download and zoom-in

deploy-azure-vmware-solution-avs-network-connectivity-40askareshDownload

Quick Start Links

The intention here is to get you quickly started on Azure VMware Solution:

DescriptionLinks
AVS TechzoneAzure VMware Solution | VMware
AVS Hands-on LabAzure VMware Solution Hands-on Labs | VMware
AVS PricingPricing – Azure VMware Solution | Microsoft Azure
AVS (Microsoft Doco)Azure VMware Solution documentation – Azure VMware Solution | Microsoft Docs
AVS Logical DiagramAzure VMware Solution Logical Design
Useful Links

Optional – Deploying AVS using Azure Resource Manager

We can also deploy the AVS solution via PowerShell and using the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template. The advantage here is you have slightly more advanced options that are not available via the GUI. (E.g. You can set the desired password for vCenter and NSX)

{
  "type": "Microsoft.AVS/privateClouds",
  "apiVersion": "2021-06-01",
  "name": "AE-1-AVS-01",
  "location": "Australia East",
  "tags": {
    "Billing": "IT",
    "Department": "IT"
  },
  "sku": {
    "name": "AV36"
  },
  "properties": {
    "circuit": {},
    "identitySources": [
      {
        "alias": "string",
        "baseGroupDN": "string",
        "baseUserDN": "string",
        "domain": "string",
        "name": "string",
        "password": "string",
        "primaryServer": "string",
        "secondaryServer": "string",
        "ssl": "string",
        "username": "string"
      }
    ],
    "internet": "string",
    "managementCluster": {
      "clusterSize": "3"
    },
    "networkBlock": "10.19.0.0/22",
    "nsxtPassword": "yourchoicepassword",
    "vcenterPassword": "yourchoicepassword"
  }
}

I hope you will find this helpful information on your AVS journey. Please let me know if I have missed any steps in the mindmap or reference links and I will be happy to update the post.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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SAML Authentication Flow – Azure Active Directory and VMware Workspace ONE Access

28 Sep

Many blogs discuss and show in detail how to integrate the Azure Active Directory (AAD) with VMware Workspace ONE Access (WoA) as a 3rd party IDP, and the following are my top post on that topic:

However, in this blog post, I would like to shed more light on the SAML Authentication Flow between the Azure Active Directory (Identity Provider) and VMware Workspace ONE Access (Service Provider). When designing the WoA and AAD integration, the below flow helped me understand what is happening behind the scenes, and I thought of sharing my knowledge with you all.

  • SAML Authentication Flow
  • AuthnRequest
  • Issuer
  • NameIDPolicy
  • RequestAuthnContext
  • SAML Response that AAD sends to WoA

#ProTip – I use a Chrome/Edge extension called SAML-tracer to inspect the SAML responses back and forth within the browser.

SAML Authentication Flow

The diagram below describes the single sign-on sequence. The VMware Workspace ONE Access (the service provider) uses an HTTP Redirect binding to pass an AuthnRequest (authentication request) element to Azure AD (the 3rd party identity provider in case of WoA). Azure AD then uses an HTTP post binding to post a Response element to the cloud service.

SAML Authentication Flow – AAD and WoA
S. No.Description Flow
1.End-user tries to access the VMware Workspace ONE Access portal
2.VMware Workspace ONE Access finds the identity provider to authenticate the user
3.VMware Workspace ONE Access generates a SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest and redirects the user’s browser to the Azure AD SAML single sign-on URL
4.If the end-user is not signed in, Azure AD authenticates the user using multi-factor authentication & generates a SAML token
5.Azure AD posts the SAML response to the WoA application via the user’s browser
6.VMware Workspace ONE Access verifies the SAML Response
7.VMware Workspace ONE Access completes the end-user sign-in and presents the desktop/app entitlements

Note – I have randomly created the GUID within the XML response just for demonstration purposes.

AuthnRequest

To request a end-user authentication, from WoA portal send an AuthnRequest element to Azure AD.  Following is the SAML SAML 2.0 AuthnRequest from WoA portal:

<samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol"
                    AssertionConsumerServiceURL="https://askaresh.com/SAAS/auth/saml/response"
                    Destination="https://login.microsoftonline.com/adsadas-2312asdasd-asdasda-2312asdda/saml2"
                    ForceAuthn="false"
                    ID="_sdasdwqezxdasdasd2313asdas"
                    IssueInstant="2021-08-04T00:24:08.092Z"
                    ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST"
                    ProviderName="askaresh.com"
                    Version="2.0"
                    >
 
</samlp:AuthnRequest>

Issuer

The Issuer element in an AuthnRequest must exactly match one of the ServicePrincipalNames in the cloud service in Azure AD. Typically, this is set to the App ID URI that is specified during application registration. (When the Enterprise Application is created under AAD portal)

<saml:Issuer xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">https://askaresh.com/SAAS/API/1.0/GET/metadata/sp.xml</saml:Issuer>

NameIDPolicy

This element requests a particular name ID format in the response and is optional in AuthnRequest elements sent to Azure AD. A NameIdPolicy element looks like the following from WoA portal:

<samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="false"
                        Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress"/>

RequestAuthnContext

The RequestedAuthnContext element specifies the desired authentication methods. It is optional in AuthnRequest elements sent to Azure AD. Azure AD supports AuthnContextClassRef values snippet from WoA portal:

<samlp:RequestedAuthnContext>
    <saml:AuthnContextClassRef xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password</saml:AuthnContextClassRef>
</samlp:RequestedAuthnContext>

SAML Response AAD sends to WoA portal (Step 5-6)

The SAML Repsonse that AAD sends back to WoA portal:

<samlp:Response xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol"
                ID="_2132sdasdasdas-asdasd-aeeqwq-adsa"
                Version="2.0"
                IssueInstant="2021-08-04T02:39:06.365Z"
                Destination="https://askaresh.com/SAAS/auth/saml/response"
                InResponseTo="_ad123123213qws12312asa1"
                >
    <Issuer xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">https://sts.windows.net/se13edsadsadasdasdasd2342342dasdas/</Issuer>
    <samlp:Status>
        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success" />
    </samlp:Status>
    <Assertion xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion"
               ID="_324sadasdsa-adsa-asd1312-adsasdas"
               IssueInstant="2021-08-04T02:39:06.365Z"
               Version="2.0"
               >
        <Issuer>https://sts.windows.net/123asdasdas-adsa-asdsad-asdsad-4523213432asd/</Issuer>
        <Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
            <SignedInfo>
                <CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#" />
                <SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha256" />
                <Reference URI="#_54fb024a-f2f0-4495-99c7-f47e3fd37701">
                    <Transforms>
                        <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature" />
                        <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#" />
                    </Transforms>
                    <DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#sha256" />
                    <DigestValue>3213asdasdase3432sdsadasd2342432423675=</DigestValue>
                </Reference>
            </SignedInfo>
            <SignatureValue>SIGNATUREDATA==</SignatureValue>
            <KeyInfo>
                <X509Data>
                    <X509Certificate>CERTDATA==</X509Certificate>
                </X509Data>
            </KeyInfo>
        </Signature>
        <Subject>
            <NameID Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress">aresh@askaresh.com</NameID>
            <SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">
                <SubjectConfirmationData InResponseTo="_aasdwqewqsadsadasdsa-asdasd-asdasd"
                                         NotOnOrAfter="2021-08-04T03:39:04.318Z"
                                         Recipient="https://askaresh.com/SAAS/auth/saml/response"
                                         />
            </SubjectConfirmation>
        </Subject>
        <Conditions NotBefore="2021-08-04T02:34:04.318Z"
                    NotOnOrAfter="2021-08-04T03:39:04.318Z"
                    >
            <AudienceRestriction>
                <Audience>https://askaresh.com/SAAS/API/1.0/GET/metadata/sp.xml</Audience>
            </AudienceRestriction>
        </Conditions>
        <AttributeStatement>
            <Attribute Name="http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/tenantid">
                <AttributeValue>adsad1-adsasdsa-adasdasd-adasdsa-12321321</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/objectidentifier">
                <AttributeValue>123dsfssdfw12312asdasdadasdxsas21s</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/identityprovider">
                <AttributeValue>https://sts.windows.net/131sdfsdfsdfsdcs13123123dsfsdfsdfxcr21e23rwadsadsa/</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="http://schemas.microsoft.com/claims/authnmethodsreferences">
                <AttributeValue>http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/authenticationmethod/password</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="email">
                <AttributeValue>aresh@askaresh.com</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="ExternalID">
                <AttributeValue>8711aaae-b7b3-4202-8faf-f2408ffd7cf9</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="userName">
                <AttributeValue>aresh@askaresh.com</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
            <Attribute Name="userPrincipalName">
                <AttributeValue>aresh@askaresh.com</AttributeValue>
            </Attribute>
        </AttributeStatement>
        <AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2021-08-04T02:38:59.239Z"
                        SessionIndex="_123123-adsasdsa-ad213123dsaasdsa"
                        >
            <AuthnContext>
                <AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password</AuthnContextClassRef>
            </AuthnContext>
        </AuthnStatement>
    </Assertion>
</samlp:Response>

Reference Link

The above flow I learnt from an excellent Microsoft page – Azure Single Sign On SAML Protocol – Microsoft identity platform | Microsoft Docs. Without this article, it wouldn’t have been possible to understand this under the hood.

I hope you will find the above information helpful in your journey with AAD/WoA. A small request if you see any scope of improvisation or refinements. I hope you can share it back with me?

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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VMware EUC stack upgrade – Legacy? or Modernizing? or Middleground?

14 Sep

It was that time of the year to perform a VMware End-User Computing (EUC) stack upgrade on the environment, and I thought of sharing the overall thought process and decisions made along the way. It will be interesting to share with others who might be in a similar situation or process of developing their upgrade/migration strategies. In this post, we shall take a look into these topics:

  • Current versions of the VMware EUC Stack
  • What version numbers did we upgrade/migrated to?
  • Why did we migrate to these versions?
  • Wishlist (Someone Listening?)
  • Valuable links to reference during upgrade/migration

Current versions of the VMware EUC Stack

  • VMware Horizon 7.11 (Connection Server/Agents)
  • VMware Horizon Client 5.5
  • VMware App Volumes 2.18.1.x Manager/VMware App Volumes 2.18.5 Agent version
  • VMware Workspace ONE Access 20.01/Connector 1903 (Not in scope for the upgrade)
  • VMware Dynamic Environment Manager 9.10
  • VMware Unified Access Gateway 3.10

What versions numbers did we upgrade/migrated to?

  • VMware Horizon 7.13.1 (Connection Server/Agents)
  • VMware Horizon Client 5.5.2
  • VMware App Volumes 2.18.10.10 (Manager/Agents)
  • VMware Dynamic Environment Manager 2103
  • VMware Unified Access Gateway 2103.1

Why did we migrate to these versions?

The obvious question everyone might ask is the latest versions are Horizon 8.x and App Volumes 4.x why are you picking older versions for the upgrade? The short answer is the limitations and trade-off, and the following matrix tries to uncover in more detail.

Note – Not all customers might fall under the limitation category, or the limiting feature/functionality could be different in your case. By no means this should be your defacto reasons. Make sure to evaluate your situation and create a matrix to make a data-driven decision. If the project is greenfield/no-limitations applied, it’s a no-brainer to opt for the latest product releases.

ProductUpgrade DecisionVerison of Choice
VMware Horizon++ We had all the boxes ticked from a feature/functionality standpoint to be able to upgrade/migrate to Horizon 8.x version. (Instant Clones, Printing, UAG etc.). Infact everything worked well in the development environment
++ The latest vROPS Horizon Adapter 1.2/Horizon 8.x version doesn’t include the built-in Horizon reports. We use the reporting feature for all sorts of custom reporting on Horizon PODs. The older version of vROPS Horizon Adapter 6.7.1/Horizon 7.x has all the existing metrics and reporting available but doesn’t include support for Horizon 8.x on the support matrix
++ The no reporting on the Horizon Adapter 1.2 + limited metrics on RDSH limited our ability to move to the latest version of Horizon 8.x. Once the built-in reports\metrics and guidance is made available, we shall jump onto the latest version (n-1)		Horizon 7.13.1
VMware App Volumes++ Lack of Writable Volumes (UIA+Profile and UIA) migrations from 2.18.x to 4.x. Need official guidance or tool/script/guidance to upgrade all the wrtiable of the 2.18.x environment to 4.x. I am sure alot of enterprise customers will have plenty of Writable Volumes to migrate and don’t have the flexibility to start from scratch on a new version
++ VMware AppStack Migration fling is the perfect migration utility to migrate AppStacks 2.18.x to 4.x need something similar for Writable Volumes		App Volumes 2.18.10.10
VMware Dynamic Environment Manager++ This was the only piece of software that didn’t have interoperability or upgrade complexity. The obvious choice was to upgrade to the latest (n-1)DEM 2103
VMware Unified Access Gateway++ The appliance has no interoperability issues with Horizon 7.13.1 or upgrade complexity. The obvious choice was to upgrade to the latest (n-1)UAG 2103.1
Upgrade Decision Matrix

The above stack provides us with the required General Availability support until Q2 FY2022 and beyond.

Wishlist

I am looking forward to vROPS Horizon Adapter XX to include the built-in Horizon Reports/Additional Metrics for RDSH in the new version or provide detailed guidance on creating meaningful reports in future releases. Additionally, the App Volumes team releases tools and advice on migrating 4000’s+ Writable Volumes from 2.18.x to 4.x. Once the above is released, I plan to upgrade to the branch of Horizon 8.x and App Volumes 4.x releases version numbers.

Valuable links to reference during upgrades

Here is the cheat sheet for all the useful links to review and formulate an upgrade plan:

DescriptionLinks
VMware Product Interoperability MatrixProduct Interoperability Matrix (vmware.com)
Product DocumentationVMware Horizon Documentation
VMware App Volumes Documentation
VMware Dynamic Environment Manager (Formerly Known as VMware User Environment Manager) Documentation
Techzone Migrating Legacy Horizon Components to Modern Alternatives

View Composer –> Instant Clones
Security Server –> UAG
Persona –> DEM
Persistent Disk – FSLogix		Modernizing VDI for a New Horizon | VMware
App Volumes Upgrade considerationsVMware App Volumes 4 Installation and Upgrade Considerations | VMware
Fling Migrate App Volumes AppStack from 2.18.x to 4.xApp Volumes Migration Utility | VMware Flings
Supported Windows 10 versions based on Horizon AgentSupported versions of Windows 10 on Horizon Agent Including All VDI Clones (Full Clones, Instant Clones, and Linked Clones on Horizon 7) (2149393) (vmware.com)
VMware EUC Stack Agent OrderAgent installation order for Horizon View, Dynamic Environment Manager, and App Volumes (2118048) (vmware.com)
Supported Windows 10 versions based on App Volumes AgentVMware App Volumes and Microsoft Windows 10 Support
VMware Product Lifecycle – End of LifeProduct Lifecycle Matrix (vmware.com)
Reference Material

I hope you will find the above information useful in your enterprise upgrade/migrate strategy for VMware EUC Stack. I would love to hear your strategy and similar situations limiting your ability to migrate to the latest and greatest versions.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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VMware App Volumes upgrade from 2.18.1 to 2.18.10 – Startup Failure – Unable to start App Volumes Manager

13 Sep

While upgrading from VMware App Volumes 2.18.1 to 2.18.10.10 version, the upgrade installer completes successfully. However, when you load the App Volumes Manager portal, you get the following error message – Startup Failure – Unable to start App Volumes Manager – Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run bin/rails db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production

Startup Failure

Cause

Upon quickly checking the App Volumes computer account (<Domain>\<MachineName>$ within SQL Server was missing the db_onwer permissions. Obviously, that caused the above error post-migration.

Note – This is a very corner case and not expected to see along on most of the App Volumes Migration/Upgrade scenarios. If you did come across one now you know how to remediate.

Resolution

Step 1 – Adding the missing db_owner permission back to the App Volumes Manager computer security account within SQL Server Management Studio

Step 2 – As the db:migration didn’t complete during the upgrade, we need to re-run the following command on the App Volumes Manager server. Open the CMD and change directory to the following path – C:\Program Files (x86)\CloudVolumes\Manager\ruby\bin and run the following command:

bundle exec rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production

You should see the following output:

Command Output

Step 3 – Restart the App Volumes Manager service, and now you will see the login page of the App Volumes Manager.

The mystery remains how did that permission go missing as the additional App Volumes Manager account had retained the db_owner role. But none the less the above steps came in handy with help from VMware support – Suman Rout luckily, has seen a similar issue before.

Lesson Learnt

  • Create a pre-upgrade task item on checking to making sure all the App Volumes Manager computer accounts within the SQL Server have the db_owner permissions.

I hope you will find these steps helpful to resolve missing SQL permissions causing upgrade issues during the App Volumes migration from 2.18.x to 2.18.10.10.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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Stop syncing Disabled user accounts into the VMware Workspace ONE Access – Directory Sync

6 Sep

We had many Disabled accounts that were getting synced into the Workspace ONE Access (WoA) from the Directory Sync – Active Directory with IWA operation. The challenge here been no standards to cater for Disable accounts in the Active Directory. I decided to stop syncing the disabled accounts into WoA. Thanks for the exclusion filter feature that came in handy, and the following are the detailed steps.

  • Exclusion filter to stop syncing the Disabled accounts
  • Safeguards adjustment (Optional)
  • Why did we had to stop syncing Disable accounts?

Exclusion filter to stop syncing the Disabled accounts

Login to your WoA portal with administrative privileges and go to the following path – Identity & Access Management –> Directories –> Select the Directory with Active Directory & IWA –> Sync Settings –> Users

Add the filter to exclude the disabled users:

userAccountControl – contains – 514
Note – 514 = Disabled Accounts

userAccountControl – contains – 66050
Note – 66050 = Disabled, Password Doesn’t Expire

Note – I found this helpful blog which described all the UAC attributes/values in detail – UserAccountControl Attribute/Flag Values | Jack Stromberg

WoA – Users

The above will take care of not syncing the Disable user accounts into the WoA directory. However, in our scenario, the number of disable accounts were very high, and the Safeguards kick-in to protect mass deletion.

Safeguards Adjustment (Optional)

This is an optional step depending on your environment. It might need tweaking, and I am highlighting the values that need to be tweaked if it involves mass deletion (Note – these values are for experimental purposes only). Note – Please switch the value back to default after the mass deletion activity is completed. The Safeguards feature a real blessing to control WoA Directory Sync accidents against any human/automation errors.

WoA – Safeguards

Why we had to stop syncing disable accounts?

I ran into an issue where-in users had multiple accounts with 1 active/1 disabled. The email address attributes were the same in both the accounts, which will have a conflict when the end-user tries to login. This becomes evident once we switched our identity to 3rd party IDP – Azure Active Directory, where the primary NAMEID attribute is the email address.

I hope you will find these steps helpful to stop syncing disabled accounts into WoA Access – Directory Sync.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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My top sessions for VMworld 2021

31 Aug

VMworld 2021 is right around the corner, and it’s time to have a personally curated list prepared for the sessions. The following category sessions I am most excited about. Note I am excited about more sessions than I can include in this blog post, but you get the idea of my direction 🙂 Though I am not speaking, I know the amount of effort to prepare the deck/recording based on my previous 3 VMworld speaking engagements. Good Luck, speakers!

  • End User Services
  • Multi Cloud
  • VMware Code

End User Services

Architecting Multi-Cloud Horizon [EUS1547]

Learn how to architect multi-cloud VMware Horizon deployments. This technical session will cover the deployment options and platforms available, including Horizon, Horizon Cloud Service on Microsoft Azure, Horizon on VMware Cloud on AWS, Horizon on Azure VMware Solution, and Horizon on Google Cloud VMware Engine. Find out how Horizon Control Plane Services, such as Universal Broker and Image Management Service, aid in both administration and user access.

Speakers:
Chris Halstead, Senior Staff Architect, VMware
Hilko Lantinga, Staff Architect, VMware
Richard Terlep, Staff Architect, EUC Technical Marketing, VMware
Darren Hirons, Lead Solutions Engineer – Digital Workspace, VMware

Back to Our Future: Community Roundtable on the VDI Admin Role Development [EUS2461]

A VDIscover Experience session. The life of a VDI admin requires expertise across many areas of IT and as a result, can be very rewarding. But how does what you’re doing today translate to a career path in desktop and app virtualization in the future? Join this roundtable of community VDI experts, hosted by VMware’s Brian Madden and Ron Oglesby, to gain insights on how the VDI admin role will develop in the future and what you should be focusing on to develop skills that can make you stand out in the VDI space, including security, cloud, SaaS, and more.

Speakers:
Joris Adriaanse, Business Development Manager, FONDO.
Ron Oglesby, Staff Architect, VMware
Brian Madden, Distinguished Technologist, VMware
Maarten Caus, EUC architect, ITQ

Blasting your way into the Extreme with VMware Horizon [EUS1834]

Ever wondered where the “Extreme” bit from Blast Extreme is referring to? In this session, seeing is believing. You will witness VMware Horizon hosting insanely intensive workloads, from cloud gaming and immersive VR training to movie making and warfighting simulation. We will show what it takes to extend VMware Horizon beyond your typical VDI use cases and into the realms of media production, gaming, simulation, training and more. You will also learn how customers are utilising VMware Horizon, Blast Extreme and more to deliver next generation services during a global pandemic. Oh, and did we mention that we will show you some demos which will blow you away? This is a must-see session for any EUC enthusiast!

Speakers:
Matt Coppinger, Director, Product Management, EUC, VMware
Spencer Pitts, Chief Technologist, VMware
Johan Van Amersfoort, Technologist EUC, ITQ

Create, Automate, and Optimize a Windows Image for Horizon [EUS1549]

This technical session led by VMware End-User Computing Technical Marketing will be a deeper dive into the key elements of creating and optimizing Windows for use as a VMware Horizon desktop or RDSH host. This process is critical to the success of any virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) or published application project, and is often skipped or misunderstood. All steps of the process will be covered, including how to add automation. This session will include several demos showing the process of creating an optimized Windows VDI image.

Speakers:
Graeme Gordon, Senior Staff EUC Architect, VMware
Hilko Lantinga, Staff Architect, VMware

Disaster Recovery with Multi-Cloud Horizon [EUS1548]

Learn how to design VMware Horizon to provide disaster recovery (DR) capabilities to enable availability, recoverability, and business continuity. This session will explore the strategy, different deployment options for recovery sites, options for user access, and considerations for data replication and failover.

Speakers:
Richard Terlep, Staff Architect, EUC Technical Marketing, VMware
Graeme Gordon, Senior Staff EUC Architect, VMware

Horizon Cloud Service on Microsoft Azure: Nuts and Bolts [EUS2489]

So, is it the year of virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)? A profound yes. The events of this year meant that business had to pivot rapidly to a remote model (telework). And one platform that helped many businesses, small to large, is VMware Horizon Cloud Service on Microsoft Azure. In this session, you will see what is needed to get an environment up and running very quickly.

Speakers:
Linus Bourque, Principal Instructor, VMware
John Krueger, Principal Instructor, VMware

Multi-Cloud VDI Beyond the Reference Architecture: Field-Tested Practices [EUS1961]

A VDIscover experience session. The public cloud, especially a VMware-based public cloud service, is an ideal place to run virtual desktops and published application workloads. But deploying an end-user computing solution into a hybrid or multi-cloud scenario adds new considerations and complications that impact user experience. In this session, VMware End-User Computing technologists Sean Massey and Dan Berkowitz will join with leading community members to discuss the key considerations and field-tested practices for delivering a good user experience in hybrid or multi-cloud VDI environments.

Speakers:
Daniel Berkowitz, Sr. Architect, VMware
Sean Massey, Staff Multi-Cloud Solutions Architect, VMware
Eduardo Molina, EUC Practice Director, AHEAD
Johan Van Amersfoort, Technologist EUC, ITQ
Simon Long, VMware Engineer, Google Cloud Center of Excellence, Google

Accelerate Your VDI Management with vRealize Operations [MCL1899]

This session provides an understanding of why VDI and app management matters more than ever today, and how to create a digital foundation that supports ever-changing business requirements. We will focus on the new VMware vRealize Operations Management Pack for Horizon and how it can help organizations overcome today’s distributed challenges.

Speaker:
Thomas Bryant, Sr. Product Line Marketing Manager, VMware

Multi-Cloud

App Modernization Deep Dive with VMware Cloud on AWS and VMware Tanzu [MCL2290]

Application modernization is top of mind for all enterprises that want to deliver value to their customers quickly. However, many organizations struggle to begin their application modernization journey due to a variety of reasons including legacy systems, lack of knowledge of the application, and application dependencies. In this session we will show how organizations can leverage VMware Tanzu and VMware Cloud on AWS to discover, analyze, and map dependencies, convert to containers and ultimately deploy a modernized application on an API driven infrastructure, while still realizing the TCO benefits that come with VMware Cloud on AWS.

Speaker:
William Lam, Senior Staff Solution Architect, VMware

Automate and Improve Day 2 Operations with vSphere Lifecycle Manager [MCL1274]

VMware vSphere Lifecycle Manager enhances the way administrators plan and execute VMware ESXi lifecycle operations. Reducing the amount of time required to update and upgrade your systems is imperative as the number of systems and environments grow. This talk details the features and capabilities of vSphere Lifecycle Manager, including newly added support for VMware NSX-T and VMware Tanzu. If you are looking to further automate vSphere Lifecycle Manager with VMware PowerCLI, we will provide the information and examples needed to get started. vSphere lifecycle management has never been easier.

Niels Hagoort, Staff Technical Marketing Architect, VMware
Jatin Purohit, Sr. Technical Marketing Manager, VMware

Azure VMware Solution Best Practices for Implementation and Migration [MCL3114S]

Join us for an interactive discussion on best practices when implementing, migrating and managing your Azure VMware Solution environment. Learn from our Azure VMware Solution experts and their experiences working closely with customers throughout deployment, including how to optimize for different scenarios and how to leverage the best of VMware and Azure services.

Jeramiah Dooley, Principal Cloud Advocate, Microsoft
Shannon Kuehn, Cloud Advocate, Microsoft

Azure VMware Solution: Deployment Deep Dive [MCL2036]

In this session, we will discuss planning and deployment of Azure VMware Solution beyond the quick start. We will cover planning for network addressing, connectivity, integrating into an existing Azure hub and spoke or virtual WAN deployment, configuring monitoring and management, and establishing governance controls.

Jeremiah Megie, Principal Cloud Solutions Architect, VMware
Steve Pantol, Sr. Technical Marketing Architect, VMware

Azure VMware Solution: Lessons Learned and Trends from Customer Deployments [MCL2004]

In this session, we will share lessons learned from Microsoft and VMware architects about best practices through many customer deployments and migrations to Azure VMware Solution. We will focus on deployment, security, network, migration, infrastructure components (e.g., LDAP/DNS), disaster recovery, and day 2 operations design decisions and recommendations. Specifically, we will demonstrate how architecture considerations translate from on premises to the cloud without sacrificing design principles or technology investments already in place. Migration is just one part of the customer’s modernization journey. We will also show how current applications can take advantage of native Azure services.

Emad Younis, Director, Multi-Cloud Center of Excellence, VMware
Trevor Davis, Senior Technical Specialist, Microsoft

VMware Code

Managing your Horizon Environment Using the Python Module for Horizon [CODE2747]

Learn how to get started with Python and the VMware Horizon REST API to automate desktop and RDS pool CRUD (create/read/update/delete) operations. Find out about the basic principles of the Python module for Horizon and what it takes to get started with your automation project in a session full of demo’s

Speaker:
Wouter Kursten, Professional Services Engineer, ControlUP

Pitfalls of Infrastructure as Code (And How to Avoid Them!) [CODE2758]

Are you looking to start your journey into Infrastructure as Code? Or have you already jumped in head-first? Either way, this session is for you! We’ll talk about many of the common pitfalls of IaC, and how you can avoid them. From infrastructure pitfalls, to coding pitfalls, we’ll go over all kinds of things that you may not have thought of yet. Get your questions ready, because I’m here to help you be successful in your IaC journey!

Speaker:
Tim Davis, DevOps Advocate, env0

Live Coding: Terraforming Your vSphere Environment [CODE2755]

Infrastructure as code is the process of managing infrastructure in a file or a set of files rather than manually configuring resources in a user interface. This session is going to take a live look at how to make the process of getting starting with infrastructure as code in a VMware vSphere environment as easy as possible using HashiCorp Terraform, the de facto standard for infrastructure as code.

Speaker:
Kyle Ruddy, Sr Technical Marketing Manager, HashiCorp

vSAN

A Field Guide to Health Check vSAN to Operate, Upgrade and Transform [MCL1825]

Your data is the most critical part of a solution. Ensuring predictability and technical security is a daily part of the system administrator’s role. Join this deep-dive session with Paul McSharry, a VCDX certified architect from the Critical Accounts Program, to discuss and be guided through what is needed for a production VMware vSAN platform health check. Based on field experience with some of VMware’s largest vSAN and VMware Cloud Foundation strategic customers, ask questions and take away a checklist to review before upgrades and significant changes to keep your data safe. Understand the architectural design choice impacts with 6.7 and 7.x, review the data path, and discuss useful KPIs that can be monitored to ensure you get the most value of your vSAN deployment.

Speaker:
Paul McSharry, Principal Architect, VMware

VMware vSAN – Dynamic Volumes for Traditional and Modern Applications [MCL1084]

In this session, Duncan and Cormac will explore the possibilities of using VMware vSAN for traditional virtual machine applications as well as new modern/containerized applications. They will look at how vSAN continues to evolve and at some of the more recent features. In particular, they will discuss vSAN File Service, which can now be used to deliver both NFS and SMB file shares, while continuing to offer block storage at the same time. They will also demonstrate how vSAN File Service integrates with the VMware vSphere container storage interface (CSI) in Kubernetes to dynamically provision read-write-many volumes for Pods that need shared storage. The session will incorporate some common how-tos, best practices, and gotchas to avoid to enable you with the smoothest experience possible with vSAN File Service.

Speakers:
Duncan Epping, Chief Technologist, VMware
Cormac Hogan, Chief Technologist, VMware

Disaggregating Storage and Compute with HCI Mesh: Why, When, and How [MCL1683]

There are multiple use cases for disaggregating Hyperconverged Infrastructure (HCI) storage. Common scenarios include environments with disproportionate requirements for compute and storage resources and architectures with limited local storage capacity, e.g., blade servers. HCI Mesh with vSAN provides a simple method for scaling compute and storage resources independently. You will learn why HCI storage disaggregation is beneficial, how HCI Mesh works, and what use cases to consider. There will be demos and we will also show examples of business-critical application design, tiering and scaling storage, and recommendations for successful implementation.

Speakers:
John Nicholson, Staff Technical Marketing Architect, VMware
Peter Flecha, Sr Technical Marketing Architect, VMware

I hope you will find these sessions list helpful in your journey, and please do let me know if I have missed out on exciting sessions.

Thanks,
Aresh Sarkari

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